Tests by Health Conditions
At Scan Diagnostic Laboratory, we understand that health conditions can affect your body’s normal functioning in many diverse ways—from common ailments to complex disorders such as cancer, neurological issues, autoimmune responses, and cardiovascular diseases. Our state-of-the-art imaging and diagnostic services are designed to detect these conditions early and accurately, ensuring you receive timely and effective care.
Every health condition arises from a unique blend of factors including genetics, lifestyle, and environmental influences. Recognizable symptoms often serve as the body’s early warning signals, prompting further investigation through advanced scans and tests. At our laboratory, we prioritize early detection because identifying issues in their initial stages often leads to better treatment outcomes.
Maintaining overall well-being is equally important. A balanced diet, regular physical activity, sufficient sleep, and stress management are essential to keep your body healthy. Alongside these healthy habits, regular preventive screenings and diagnostic evaluations are crucial for monitoring your health and preventing potential conditions.
At Scan Diagnostic Laboratory, we are committed to supporting your health journey by providing precise diagnostic insights and empowering you with the knowledge to make informed decisions about your well-being.
ABO Incompatibility
A condition where maternal and fetal blood types are incompatible, leading to immune reactions, anemia, jaundice, or severe neonatal complications requiring prompt medical intervention and monitoring.
Acute Phase Reactant
Proteins increase in response to inflammation, infection, or trauma, aiding in diagnosing conditions like autoimmune diseases, infections, or tissue injuries through specialized laboratory blood tests.
Addison’s Disease
A rare endocrine disorder where adrenal glands fail to produce sufficient hormones, causing fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, skin darkening, and requiring lifelong hormonal replacement therapy.
Adrenal Gland Function
Adrenal glands control hormones, stress, metabolism, and immunity. Dysfunction can cause serious health issues needing prompt diagnosis and proper treatment.
AIDS (HIV)
A life-threatening viral infection weakening immunity, increasing vulnerability to infections and cancers; managed through antiretroviral therapy to prolong life, improve health, and reduce disease transmission risks.
Alcohol-Related Disorders
Excessive alcohol use harms the liver, brain, and heart, leading to dependency and social issues. Recovery needs detox, therapy, and medical care.
Allergy
An immune system overreaction to harmless substances, causing symptoms like sneezing, itching, swelling, or anaphylaxis; diagnosed through skin tests, blood tests, and managed via medications.
Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer’s causes memory loss, cognitive decline, and personality changes. Management involves medical care, lifestyle changes, and ongoing support for quality of life.
Amyloidosis
A rare disorder where abnormal protein deposits accumulate in organs, impairing function, leading to complications in the heart, kidneys, liver, nerves, requiring specialized treatment options.
Anemia
A condition marked by reduced red blood cells, causing fatigue, dizziness, pale skin, and weakness, commonly due to iron, vitamin deficiencies, chronic diseases, or genetic conditions.
Anemia - Diagnosis
Blood tests measure hemoglobin, iron levels, vitamin deficiencies, and bone marrow function to identify anemia causes, guiding targeted treatment strategies for symptom relief and recovery.
Aneurysm
A weakened arterial wall forms a bulging sac, which may rupture, causing internal bleeding, stroke, or death; detected via imaging and managed through surgery or monitoring.
Angina
Chest pain results from reduced blood flow to the heart due to blocked arteries, increasing heart attack risks; managed through lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery.
Antenatal Health Check-Up
Antenatal checkups ensure mother and baby’s health by detecting complications early through screenings, ultrasounds, and regular monitoring for a safe pregnancy.
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent excessive worry and fear interfere with daily life, manifesting as panic attacks, phobias, social anxiety, treated through therapy, medications, stress management, and cognitive-behavioral techniques.
Aplastic Anemia
A rare blood disorder where bone marrow fails to produce adequate red, white cells, and platelets, leading to infections, fatigue, bleeding, requiring transfusions or stem cell transplantation.
Appendicitis
A sudden inflammation of the appendix causes severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever; requires urgent surgical removal to prevent rupture, infections, and life-threatening complications.
Arrhythmias
Irregular heartbeats may cause dizziness, palpitations, fainting, stroke, or cardiac arrest; managed through medications, pacemakers, lifestyle changes, or ablation therapy to regulate heart rhythm.
Arthritis
Inflammation of joints leads to pain, stiffness, swelling, reduced mobility, commonly seen in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, managed through medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications.
Asthma
A chronic respiratory condition causing airway inflammation, wheezing, breathlessness, coughing, triggered by allergens, pollution, stress; controlled using inhalers, medications, lifestyle changes, and avoiding triggers.
Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system attacks the body, causing diseases like lupus or RA, managed with medications, therapy, and lifestyle changes.
Autoimmune Disorders - Skin
Skin autoimmune diseases like psoriasis and vitiligo cause rashes and pigmentation changes, treated with immunosuppressants, medications, phototherapy, and lifestyle changes.
Autoimmune Hepatitis
A chronic inflammatory liver disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks liver cells, causing liver damage, cirrhosis, requiring immunosuppressive therapy, corticosteroids, and regular medical monitoring.
Bacterial Infections
Pathogenic bacteria invade tissues, causing illnesses like pneumonia, tuberculosis, food poisoning, treated with antibiotics, supportive care, vaccinations, and preventive hygiene measures to reduce risks.
Benign Tumors
Non-cancerous abnormal tissue growths that may cause pressure symptoms, pain, or functional impairment; diagnosed via imaging, biopsies, and sometimes require surgical removal.
Blood Cancer
Leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma affect blood cell production, causing anemia, infections, bleeding, diagnosed via blood tests, biopsies, and treated with chemotherapy or bone marrow transplants.
Blood Infections
Severe bloodstream infections like sepsis can cause organ failure, life-threatening complications, requiring immediate antibiotics, supportive care, hospitalization, and monitoring for recovery.
Bone & Mineral Metabolism
Regulation of calcium, phosphorus, and bone turnover ensures skeletal strength; imbalances cause osteoporosis, fractures, requiring dietary changes, supplements, or medications.
Bone Function & Disorders
Bone diseases like osteoporosis, fractures, osteomalacia affect structure and mobility; require calcium, vitamin D, medications, or surgical interventions for prevention and management.
Brain Tumors
Abnormal brain growths disrupt function, cause headaches, seizures, neurological deficits; diagnosed via MRI, biopsy, treated with surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
Breast Cancer
Uncontrolled breast cell growth leads to lumps, pain, changes in appearance, diagnosed via mammograms, biopsies, treated with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.
Bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchial tubes causes persistent cough, mucus production, chest discomfort, breathing issues, commonly viral but may need antibiotics, bronchodilators, and lifestyle changes.
Burns
Skin damage from heat, chemicals, or radiation classified by severity; requires wound care, pain management, infection prevention, and possibly skin grafting for severe cases.
Cancer (General)
Uncontrolled cell growth forming malignant tumors, affecting different organs, requiring treatment through surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted immunotherapy based on type and stage.
Cardiac Disorders
Heart conditions including heart failure, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease cause circulation problems, require medications, lifestyle changes, surgery, or implanted devices like pacemakers.
Celiac Disease
An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten intake, damaging the intestines, causing digestive distress, malabsorption, requiring lifelong gluten-free diet for symptom relief.
Central Nervous System Disorders
Diseases affecting brain and spinal cord, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, impacting mobility, cognition, requiring medications, therapy, or surgical interventions.
Cerebral Palsy
A neurological disorder impairing muscle coordination, movement, posture due to brain damage at birth, requiring therapy, assistive devices, and supportive treatments for mobility improvement.
Chickenpox
A highly contagious viral infection causing itchy blisters, fever, fatigue, and skin rash; prevented by vaccination, managed with antiviral medications, symptom relief, and proper hygiene.
Cirrhosis
A chronic liver disease marked by scarring, impaired function, and complications like jaundice, ascites, and liver failure; requires lifestyle changes, medications, and possible liver transplantation.
Clotting Disorders
Abnormal blood clotting causes excessive bleeding or thrombosis, leading to strokes, heart attacks, or deep vein thrombosis; diagnosed through coagulation tests and managed with medications.
Complement System Function
A vital part of immune defense, enhancing antibody activity to fight infections; deficiencies can cause immune disorders, requiring specific diagnostic tests and targeted treatments.
Congenital Enzyme Deficiency
Inherited metabolic disorders due to missing enzymes disrupt bodily functions, leading to conditions like phenylketonuria or Gaucher disease, diagnosed through genetic tests and enzyme replacement therapies.
Congenital Heart Disease
Structural heart defects present from birth, causing abnormal circulation, requiring early diagnosis through imaging, medications, or surgical interventions to improve heart function and patient survival.
Congenital Metabolic Disorders
Inherited conditions disrupt metabolism, leading to toxic buildup or deficiencies; managed through dietary modifications, enzyme replacement, gene therapy, and early neonatal screening.
Connective Tissue Disorders
Conditions like lupus, scleroderma, and Marfan syndrome affect skin, joints, and organs, requiring anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle adjustments for symptom relief.
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
A progressive lung disease causing breathing difficulty, chronic cough, and mucus buildup; managed through bronchodilators, steroids, oxygen therapy, and smoking cessation.
Coronary Artery Disease
Narrowed arteries restrict blood flow to the heart, causing angina, heart attacks, requiring lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, or bypass surgery for management.
Crohn’s Disease
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease causing severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, requiring long-term management with medications, diet control, and sometimes surgical interventions.
Cushing’s Syndrome
Excess cortisol production leads to obesity, high blood pressure, muscle weakness, and diabetes; diagnosed via hormone tests and treated through medication or surgery.
Cystic Fibrosis
A genetic disorder causing thick mucus buildup in lungs and pancreas, leading to respiratory infections, digestive issues, requiring lifelong therapy, medications, and enzyme supplements.
Dengue
A mosquito-borne viral infection causing high fever, severe body aches, rash, and bleeding complications; managed through supportive care, hydration, and preventive mosquito control measures.
Depression
A mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness, fatigue, loss of interest, and suicidal thoughts; treated with therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications.
Diabetes
A chronic metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar levels, leading to complications like nerve damage, kidney disease, requiring insulin, medications, and strict lifestyle management.
Diabetes Insipidus
A rare disorder causing excessive thirst and urination due to hormonal imbalances, managed through medications, fluid intake regulation, and hormone replacement therapy.
Dialysis
A life-saving procedure filtering toxins from blood in kidney failure patients; performed through hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, requiring strict monitoring and lifestyle changes.
Dialysis Adequacy
Measures treatment effectiveness in removing toxins, ensuring patients receive optimal dialysis therapy for improved kidney function, electrolyte balance, and overall well-being.
DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)
A severe clotting disorder causing widespread blood clots and bleeding, requiring immediate intensive care, blood transfusions, and treatment for underlying causes.
Diphtheria
A bacterial infection affecting the throat and airways, causing breathing difficulties, organ damage, and paralysis; prevented by vaccination and treated with antitoxins and antibiotics.
Disease Association
Links between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to diseases, guiding personalized medicine approaches for prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
Disorders of Coagulation
Conditions affecting blood clotting, leading to excessive bleeding or clot formation, diagnosed via specialized tests and managed with anticoagulants or clotting factor therapy.
Disorders of Complement System
Immune system dysfunctions causing susceptibility to infections or autoimmune diseases, requiring diagnostic testing, immunomodulatory therapy, and regular monitoring for disease management.
Disorders of Gastrointestinal System
Digestive disorders like GERD, ulcers, and IBS affect digestion and absorption; managed with diet changes, medications, and sometimes surgery.
Disorders of Gastrointestinal Tract
Digestive tract disorders like Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease cause malabsorption, pain, diarrhea, requiring lifelong dietary adjustments, medications, and monitoring.
Disorders of Growth
Conditions affecting height and development, including growth hormone deficiencies, Turner syndrome, requiring hormonal therapy, nutritional support, and early medical intervention.
Disorders of Muscle
Muscle disorders like muscular dystrophy, myopathy cause weakness, pain, immobility, requiring physiotherapy, medications, and supportive care for improved function and quality of life.
Disorders of Nervous System
Neurological conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis impair movement, cognition, and function, requiring medications, rehabilitation, and long-term management.
Disorders of Nutrition
Malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, obesity-related issues affect metabolism and overall health, managed through balanced diets, supplementation, and medical guidance for optimal nutrition.
Disorders of Reproductive System
Hormonal imbalances, infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, erectile dysfunction impact reproductive health, requiring hormonal treatments, fertility therapies, or surgical intervention.
Disorders of Skin
Conditions like eczema, psoriasis, acne, and infections cause irritation, scarring, discomfort, requiring dermatological treatments, medications, and proper skincare routines.
Down Syndrome
A genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, distinct facial features, requiring early interventions, therapy, and supportive care for improved quality of life.
Drug Abuse
Substance addiction leads to severe health complications, behavioral issues, mental distress, requiring rehabilitation, counseling, and medical detoxification programs for recovery.
Drug Sensitivity
Adverse reactions to medications cause allergies, toxicity, or ineffective treatment, requiring genetic testing and careful prescription selection for personalized therapy.
Ear Infections
Bacterial or viral infections affecting the ear cause pain, fluid buildup, and hearing loss, requiring antibiotics, ear drops, or drainage procedures for treatment.
Eczema
A chronic skin condition causing itchiness, redness, rashes, triggered by allergens, stress, requiring medicated creams, lifestyle modifications, and antihistamines for relief.
Effusion
Excess fluid accumulation in body cavities like the lungs, joints, or heart sac, requiring drainage, imaging tests, and treatment for underlying causes.
Electrolyte Imbalance
Disruptions in sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium levels cause muscle weakness, irregular heartbeats, requiring correction through dietary adjustments, supplements, or IV therapy.
Encephalitis
A severe brain inflammation caused by viruses, bacteria, or autoimmune conditions, leading to seizures, confusion, coma, requiring antiviral therapy, supportive care, and hospitalization.
Enzyme Deficiency
Genetic or acquired disorders where missing enzymes disrupt metabolic processes, leading to serious conditions like Gaucher disease, requiring enzyme replacement therapy and dietary modifications.
Epilepsy
A neurological disorder causing recurrent seizures due to abnormal brain activity, managed through anti-seizure medications, lifestyle adjustments, and in severe cases, surgery.
Establishing Paternity
Genetic testing determines biological relationships, aiding legal, medical, and personal decisions, using DNA analysis with high accuracy and confidentiality.
Ewing's Sarcoma
A rare bone cancer affecting children and young adults, causing pain, swelling, requiring chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical interventions for treatment.
Fever
A temporary rise in body temperature due to infection, inflammation, or illness; managed with fluids, rest, fever-reducing medications, and treating underlying causes.
Fibromyalgia
A chronic condition causing pain, fatigue, and cognitive issues, requiring pain management, exercise, lifestyle changes, and medications for symptom relief.
Filariasis
A parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes, causing swelling, lymphedema, and skin thickening; managed through antiparasitic medications, hygiene, and vector control.
Flu (Influenza)
A contagious respiratory illness causing fever, cough, muscle aches, and fatigue; prevented by annual vaccinations and treated with antiviral medications and supportive care.
Food Poisoning
Ingestion of contaminated food causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration; prevented through proper food handling and treated with fluids and supportive therapy.
For Affymetrix Chip Only
Specialized genetic testing tool analyzing DNA variations for research and diagnostics, aiding in disease risk, drug response, and personalized medicine.
Gallbladder Disease
Conditions like gallstones and inflammation cause pain, nausea, and digestive issues, requiring dietary modifications, medications, or gallbladder removal surgery.
Gaucher Disease
A genetic enzyme deficiency leads to organ enlargement, bone pain, anemia, requiring enzyme replacement therapy, medications, and supportive care for symptom management.
Genetic Disorders
Inherited conditions like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, and Down syndrome result from gene mutations, diagnosed through genetic testing, and managed with specialized treatments.
Gestational Diabetes
High blood sugar levels during pregnancy affect both mother and baby’s health, requiring dietary control, exercise, monitoring, and sometimes insulin therapy for management.
GIST (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor)
A rare digestive tract cancer causing abdominal pain, bleeding, and obstruction, diagnosed through imaging and biopsy, treated with surgery and targeted therapy.
Glomerulonephritis
A kidney disease causing inflammation and impaired filtration, leading to proteinuria, swelling, and hypertension; treated with medications and lifestyle changes.
Gluten Sensitivity
An immune reaction to gluten causing digestive discomfort, fatigue, and skin rashes, requiring a strict gluten-free diet for symptom management.
Gout
A form of arthritis caused by uric acid buildup, leading to painful joint inflammation, treated with medications, dietary changes, and hydration.
Health Checkup
Routine medical examinations assess overall health, detect early diseases, and include blood tests, imaging, and lifestyle counseling for preventive care.
Heart Diseases
Includes conditions like heart attacks, arrhythmias, and valve disorders affecting circulation and function, managed with medications, lifestyle changes, and surgical interventions.
Hematological Function & Disorders
Hematological disorders affect blood cells, clotting, and bone marrow. Conditions include anemia, leukemia, and bleeding, requiring tests, treatments, and monitoring.
Hematolymphoid Tumors
Cancers of blood and lymphatic systems, such as leukemia and lymphoma, affect immune function. Diagnosis includes biopsies, imaging, and treatment with chemotherapy or radiation.
Hematuria
The presence of blood in urine, which can indicate urinary tract infections, kidney stones, or tumors. Diagnosis requires urinalysis, imaging, and sometimes cystoscopy for confirmation.
Hemolytic Anemia
A condition where red blood cells are destroyed prematurely, leading to fatigue, jaundice, and weakness. Treatment involves medications, blood transfusions, or managing underlying conditions.
Hemophilia
A genetic bleeding disorder where blood doesn't clot properly, causing excessive bleeding. Managed with clotting factor infusions, medication, and avoiding injury to prevent bleeding episodes.
Hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E)
Viral liver infections causing inflammation and jaundice, varying in severity. Vaccinations prevent A and B, while C and D require antiviral treatment for chronic infection management.
Histiocytic Lesions
Abnormal growth of histiocytes (immune cells) causes diseases like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, leading to organ damage. Diagnosis involves biopsy and treatment with chemotherapy or surgery.
Hormone Disorder
Disruptions in hormone production lead to conditions like diabetes, thyroid disease, or growth disorders, requiring tests, medications, and hormone replacement.
Hormone Function
Proper hormone function is crucial for metabolism, growth, and mood regulation. Disorders may include thyroid dysfunction or diabetes, managed with hormone therapy or medications.
Hypercalcemia
Elevated calcium levels in the blood can cause fatigue, nausea, and kidney stones. Treatment involves addressing underlying causes like hyperparathyroidism, cancer, or excessive vitamin D.
Hyperparathyroidism
An overproduction of parathyroid hormone leads to high calcium levels, causing bone loss, kidney stones, and fatigue. Managed with medication or parathyroidectomy for severe cases.
Hypertension
High blood pressure increases heart disease and stroke risks. Managed through lifestyle changes, medications like ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers, and regular monitoring of blood pressure levels.
Hyperthyroidism
Excess thyroid hormone leads to weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety. Treatment includes antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery to remove part of the thyroid.
Hyperviscosity Syndrome
A condition where the blood becomes too thick, causing clotting and impaired circulation. It may result from conditions like multiple myeloma or leukemia, requiring plasma exchange.
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar levels cause weakness, dizziness, and confusion. Treatment includes immediate sugar intake, while long-term management focuses on insulin adjustment and diet control for diabetics.
Hypotension
Low blood pressure can cause dizziness, fainting, and shock. Treatment involves increasing fluid intake, medications to raise blood pressure, and addressing underlying conditions.
Hypothyroidism
Low blood pressure can cause dizziness, fainting, and shock. Treatment involves increasing fluid intake, medications to raise blood pressure, and addressing underlying conditions.
Identification of Crystals
Crystals in urine or joints can indicate conditions like gout or kidney stones. Identified via microscopic examination or polarized light, aiding diagnosis and treatment planning.
Immunization Status - DPT
The DPT vaccine prevents diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. Children receive routine immunization, while adults may require boosters to maintain immunity and prevent infections.
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Conditions where the immune system is weakened, leading to increased infection risks. Diagnosed through immune cell testing and treated with immunoglobulin therapy and infections prevention.
Immunodeficiency States
A state of immune system dysfunction can be congenital or acquired, like HIV/AIDS, requiring ongoing care, treatments to boost immunity, and infection prevention strategies.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Genetic disorders that affect metabolic pathways, leading to enzyme deficiencies and accumulation of harmful substances. Treatment often involves dietary restrictions or enzyme replacement therapies.
Infections
Infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi can affect various organs and systems. Treatment includes antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, or vaccines for prevention and management.
Infectious Mononucleosis
A viral infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus, causing fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. Managed with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications for symptom relief.
Infertility
The inability to conceive after a year of trying. Causes can be hormonal, structural, or genetic, and treatment options include medications, IVF, or surgery, depending on the cause.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, treated with anti-inflammatory medications, immuno-suppressants, and dietary adjustments.
Inflammatory Diseases
Conditions like arthritis, lupus, and vasculitis cause inflammation in joints, organs, and tissues. Managed with anti-inflammatory drugs, immune suppression, and sometimes lifestyle modifications.
Insulin Resistance
A condition where the body doesn't respond effectively to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Managed with lifestyle changes, weight loss, and medications to improve insulin sensitivity.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A gastrointestinal disorder causing abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea or constipation, managed through dietary adjustments, stress management, and medications.
Kidney Diseases
Conditions like chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease impact kidney function. Managed with medication, dialysis, or kidney transplant in severe cases.
Kidney Injury
Damage to kidneys from trauma, toxins, or disease leads to acute kidney injury. Treatment involves managing the underlying cause, fluids, medications, and sometimes dialysis.
Kidney Stone
Hard deposits of minerals and salts form in the kidneys, causing pain and urinary issues. Treatment includes hydration, pain relief, and sometimes surgery or lithotripsy.
Leprosy
A chronic infectious disease affecting skin, nerves, and mucous membranes, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Managed with antibiotics, early treatment prevents disability and transmission.
Leukemia
A blood cancer affecting bone marrow and blood cells, causing anemia, infections, and bleeding. Treatment includes chemotherapy, bone marrow transplants, and targeted therapy.
Liver Disease
Conditions like cirrhosis, hepatitis, and fatty liver disease impair liver function. Managed with medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, liver transplant surgery.
Liver Fibrosis
Scarring of liver tissue due to chronic injury, leading to cirrhosis. Managed by treating the underlying cause, lifestyle changes, and medications to slow progression.
Lymphoma
Cancer of the lymphatic system, causing swollen lymph nodes and weight loss. Treatment includes chemotherapy, radiation, or transplant.
Malaria
A mosquito-borne parasitic infection causing fever, chills, and anemia. Treated with antimalarial medications, prevention includes mosquito control and prophylactic medications for travelers.
Male Infertility
Infertility in men, often caused by low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or hormonal imbalances. Treatment options include medications, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.
Malnutrition
A condition caused by nutrient deficiency, leading to weight loss, weakness, and immune dysfunction. Managed with dietary changes, supplementation, and treatment.
Meningitis
Inflammation of the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord, caused by viral or bacterial infections. Symptoms include fever, and neck stiffness, treated with antibiotics or antivirals.
Menorrhagia
Excessive menstrual bleeding, often caused by hormonal imbalances, fibroids, or bleeding disorders. Treated with medications, hormone therapy, or surgical procedures like endometrial ablation.
Metabolic Disorders
Conditions where metabolism is disrupted, causing imbalances in energy production. Treatment may include dietary management, enzyme replacement, or medications.
Metal Poisoning
xicity from metals like lead, mercury, or arsenic causes neurological, gastrointestinal, and kidney damage. Treatment includes chelation therapy to remove metals and supportive care for affected organs.
Micronutrient Deficiency
Insufficient intake of essential vitamins and minerals, causing fatigue, weakened immunity, and growth issues. Managed with supplementation and dietary changes.
Migraine
A neurological disorder causing intense headaches, nausea, and sensitivity to light. Preventative treatments include medications, lifestyle changes, and avoiding migraine triggers.
Multiple Myeloma
A type of blood cancer affecting plasma cells, leading to bone pain, nemia, and kidney issues. Treated with chemotherapy, stem cell transplants, and targeted therapies.
Multiple Sclerosis
A chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, causing muscle weakness, vision problems, and cognitive issues. Treated with disease-modifying therapies and symptom management.
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Conditions affecting muscles, bones, and joints, like arthritis and osteoporosis. Managed with therapy, medications, and surgery for severe cases.
Myasthenia Gravis
autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness, particularly in the face, throat, and diaphragm. Managed with medications, immunosuppressants, and in severe cases, surgical intervention.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome
A group of disorders where bone marrow doesn't produce enough healthy blood cells, leading to anemia, infections, and bleeding. Managed with blood transfusions, chemotherapy, or bone marrow transplants.
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Conditions where bone marrow produces too many blood cells, leading to blood clots, bleeding, and enlargement of organs. Treatment includes medications, phlebotomy, or stem cell transplants.
Neurodegenerative Disorder
ogressive conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s that cause cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and loss of independence. Managed with medications, therapy, and support for daily living.
Neurological Disorders
Conditions affecting the nervous system, such as epilepsy, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease. Diagnosis and treatment vary, often involving medications, rehabilitation, and supportive therapies for management.
Nutritional Disorders
Disruptions in nutritional intake, such as vitamin or mineral deficiencies, leading to various health problems. Management involves dietary changes, supplementation, and addressing underlying health issues.
Obesity
Excess body fat that negatively impacts health, increasing risks for heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Managed through diet, exercise, behavioral therapy, and in some cases, surgery.
Osteoarthritis
A degenerative joint disease causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Managed with pain relievers, physical therapy, and in severe cases, joint replacement surgery.
Osteomyelitis
A bone infection caused by bacteria or fungi, leading to pain, fever, and swelling. Treated with antibiotics, antifungals, and sometimes surgery to drain abscesses or remove tissue.
Osteoporosis
A condition that weakens bones, increasing the risk of fractures. Managed with medications, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, weight-bearing exercises, and lifestyle changes to prevent fractures.
Ovarian Cancer
Cancer affecting the ovaries, leading to abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Treatment typically involves surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy for effective management.
Ovarian Function
The ability of ovaries to produce eggs and hormones like estrogen. Disorders can cause infertility, hormonal imbalances, and menstrual irregularities, managed through hormone therapy or assisted reproduction.
Pancreatic Function
creatic function involves insulin production and digestive enzyme secretion. Disorders like pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer can impair digestion and glucose regulation, requiring medical intervention and surgery.
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
A group of rare disorders caused by cancerous tumors releasing substances that affect other body organs, treated by addressing the underlying cancer and symptom management.
Parasitic Infections
Diseases caused by parasites such as malaria, giardiasis, or helminths, leading to symptoms like fever, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Treated with antiparasitic medications and supportive care.
Parkinson’s Disease
A neurodegenerative disorder causing tremors, rigidity, and slow movement. Managed with medications like dopamine agonists, physical therapy, and in some cases, deep brain stimulation.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
A rare blood disorder causing red blood cells to break down, leading to anemia, fatigue, and clotting. Managed with medications and bone marrow transplants.
Pemphigus
An utoimmune disorder causing blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Treatment includes immunosuppressive drugs, corticosteroids, and sometimes biologic therapy to control flare-ups.
Pernicious Anemia
A type of vitamin B12 deficiency caused by the body's inability to absorb the vitamin, leading to anemia, fatigue, and nerve damage. Managed with B12 injections or supplements.
Pharmacogenomics
The study of how genes affect individual responses to medications. This helps in personalizing drug prescriptions to improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects, improving treatment outcomes.
Phenol Poisoning
Toxicity from phenol exposure, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress, and organ damage. Treatment involves decontamination, care, and antidotes like activated charcoal.
Phenylketonuria
A genetic disorder causing a buildup of phenylalanine in the body, leading to brain damage if untreated. Managed with a strict low-phenylalanine diet, regular blood monitoring, and lifelong care.
Pituitary Adenoma
A benign tumor in the pituitary gland affecting hormone production, causing symptoms like headaches, vision problems, and hormonal imbalances. Treatment options include surgery, medication, and radiation.
Pituitary Gland Function
The pituitary gland regulates hormones that control growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Disorders can lead to hormone imbalances, requiring treatments like hormone replacement or surgery.
Plasma Cell Tumors
Cancers of the plasma cells, such as multiple myeloma, which affect the blood and bone marrow. Treatment often involves chemotherapy, stem cell transplants, and targeted therapies.
Pneumonia
An infection causing inflammation in the lungs, leading to cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Treatment typically involves antibiotics or antivirals, depending on the cause of infection.
Poisoning - Insecticide
Insecticide poisoning from exposure to chemicals can cause symptoms like nausea, dizziness, and seizures. Treatment includes decontamination, supportive care, and antidotes if available.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A hormonal disorder causing irregular periods, acne, and infertility. Treatment may include hormonal medications, lifestyle changes, and fertility treatments if needed for conception.
Polycythemia
A condition where the body produces too many red blood cells, leading to thick blood, an increased risk of clots, and potential organ damage. Managed with medications like phlebotomy or chemotherapy.
Porphyrias
A group of rare disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies in the production of heme, leading to skin issues, abdominal pain, and neurological symptoms. Treatment includes managing symptoms and avoiding triggers.
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure and damage to organs like the kidneys and liver. Treatment may include blood pressure management and early delivery of the baby.
Pregnancy
The period of fetal development in a woman’s uterus, requiring regular prenatal care. Management focuses on maternal and fetal health through proper nutrition, screenings, and monitoring.
Prenatal Diagnosis
Tests performed during pregnancy to detect genetic conditions or abnormalities in the fetus, such as amniocentesis, ultrasound, and blood tests, guiding medical decisions.
Psoriasis
A chronic autoimmune skin disorder causing red, scaly patches. Treatment options include topical treatments, phototherapy, and biologic medications to manage flare-ups and symptoms.
Pulmonary Embolism
A blockage in the lungs caused by blood clots, leading to symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath. Immediate treatment includes anticoagulants or thrombolytics to dissolve clots.
Recurrent Abortions
Multiple pregnancy losses before 20 weeks, often due to hormonal imbalances, anatomical issues, or genetic disorders. Treatment may include medications, lifestyle changes, and fertility support.
Respiratory Infections
Infections affecting the lungs and airways, caused by viruses or bacteria, leading to coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing. Managed with antibiotics, antivirals, and supportive care.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
An autoimmune disorder causing joint inflammation, pain, and deformities. Managed with medications like NSAIDs, DMARDs, and biologics, along with physical therapy for mobility.
Rickets
A childhood condition caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to bone deformities and growth problems. Treatment includes vitamin D and calcium supplementation, along with sunlight exposure.
Sarcoidosis
An inflammatory disease that causes small clusters of cells to form in organs like the lungs, heart, and skin. Treatment may involve corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs.
Scleroderma
A rare autoimmune disease that causes skin thickening and scarring of internal organs. Treatment includes medications to manage symptoms and prevent further organ damage.
Scoliosis
A condition where the spine curves sideways, leading to posture problems, pain, and lung issues. Treatment may include braces, physical therapy, or surgery for severe cases.
Screening for Metal Toxicity
Tests to detect the presence of harmful metals like lead, mercury, or arsenic in the body. Treatment involves chelation therapy to remove toxins and prevent organ damage.
Sepsis
A life-threatening condition caused by the body’s extreme response to infection, leading to organ failure. Managed with antibiotics, fluids, and support for failing organs.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Infections transmitted through sexual contact, including HIV, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. Managed with antibiotics, antivirals, and testing to prevent transmission.
SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion)
A disorder where excessive antidiuretic hormone causes water retention, low sodium, and fatigue. Treatment includes fluid restriction, medications, and managing the cause.
Sinusitis
Inflammation or infection of the sinuses, leading to headaches, nasal congestion, and facial pain. Treatment includes decongestants, nasal sprays, and in some cases, antibiotics.
Skin Cancer
A type of cancer that develops in the skin cells, often due to UV radiation. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy, depending on the type.
Sports Medicine
A branch of medicine that deals with injuries related to physical activity. Treatment includes rehabilitation, physical therapy, injury prevention, and performance enhancement techniques.
Stroke
A medical emergency caused by blocked or ruptured blood vessels in the brain, leading to brain damage. Immediate treatment with clot-busting drugs or surgery can improve outcomes.
Surgical Pathology
The study of tissue samples taken during surgery to diagnose diseases such as cancer. It involves microscopic examination to determine the disease's nature and extent.
Synovial Sarcoma
A rare type of cancer that develops in the tissues surrounding joints, often affecting limbs. Treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy to manage and control the tumor.
Syphilis
A sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria, which can cause sores, rashes, and organ damage if untreated. Managed with antibiotics, particularly penicillin, to cure the infection.
Thalassemia
A genetic blood disorder that causes reduced hemoglobin production, leading to anemia and fatigue. Managed with regular blood transfusions, iron chelation, and sometimes bone marrow transplants.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
The practice of measuring drug levels in the blood to ensure they are within the therapeutic range, optimizing efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Common in treatments with narrow therapeutic windows.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Conditions where blood clots form and travel to other parts of the body, causing complications like stroke or pulmonary embolism. Managed with anticoagulant medications and clot prevention strategies.
Thrombotic Disorders
Disorders related to abnormal clot formation in the blood vessels, leading to conditions like deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Treated with anticoagulants and sometimes clot-busting drugs.
Thyroid Function
The thyroid regulates metabolism and hormone balance. Disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism affect energy, weight, and mood. Treatment includes hormone replacement or antithyroid medications.
Thyroid Gland Function
The thyroid produces hormones that regulate metabolism and energy. Disorders can cause fatigue, weight changes, and mood fluctuations. Managed with medications to normalize hormone levels.
Tinnitus
A condition causing persistent ringing or buzzing in the ears, often linked to hearing loss or exposure to loud noises. Treatment options include sound therapy, counseling, and medications.
Tonsillitis
An inflammation of the tonsils, typically caused by viral or bacterial infections. Symptoms include sore throat and difficulty swallowing. Treated with antibiotics or, in severe cases, tonsillectomy.
Toxic Shock Syndrome
A rare but severe bacterial infection leading to fever, low blood pressure, and organ failure. Treatment includes antibiotics, supportive care, and in some cases, surgery to remove the infection source.
Trace Elements
Micronutrients like zinc, copper,nd selenium, crucial for various bodily functions. Deficiencies or excesses can cause health issues. Balanced intake through diet or supplementation is key.
Transplant
A medical procedure where a failing organ is replaced with a donor organ. Common transplants include kidney, liver, and heart. Requires lifelong immunosuppressive medication to prevent rejection.
Trauma
Physical injury resulting from accidents, falls, or violence, often requiring emergency care. Treatment varies based on the injury type, ranging from wound care to surgery and rehabilitation.
Tuberculosis
A contagious bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, causing cough, weight loss, and fatigue. Managed with a prolonged course of antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria.
Tumors
Abnormal growths of cells that can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors, or cancers, require treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy depending on the type.
Typhoid
A bacterial infection caused by Salmonella leading to fever, abdominal pain, and weakness. Treated with antibiotics and preventive measures like vaccination and improved sanitation.
Varicose Veins
Swollen, twisted veins, often seen in the legs, caused by weakened vein walls and valves. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, compression stockings, and in severe cases, surgery.
Vascular Tumors
Tumors that arise from blood vessels, including hemangiomas and angiosarcomas. Managed through surgery, radiation, and sometimes chemotherapy depending on the type and location.
Viral Infections
Infections caused by viruses, including influenza, HIV, and hepatitis. Managed with antiviral medications, vaccines, and supportive care to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
A condition resulting from insufficient vitamin B12 intake or absorption, leading to fatigue, anemia, and nerve damage. Managed with B12 injections or oral supplements.
Vitamin Deficiencies
Deficiencies in essential vitamins like vitamin A, D, or E can cause various health issues. Managed through dietary changes, supplementation, and monitoring of symptoms.
Vitiligo
A skin condition where depigmented patches appear due to the loss of melanin-producing cells. Treatment includes topical steroids, phototherapy, and in some cases, skin grafts.
Von Willebrand Disease
A genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in the von Willebrand factor, affecting clotting. Managed with clotting factor replacement, medications, and avoiding trauma.
Whooping Cough
A highly contagious respiratory disease causing severe coughing fits. Vaccination is key for prevention. Treatment includes antibiotics, cough management, and supportive care. .
Wilson Disease
A genetic disorder causing copper buildup in the liver, brain, and other organs. Managed with copper-chelating medications and dietary changes to prevent organ damage.